做这种题型要先找到关键词，关键词的确定可根据：一是名词(含专有名词)或名词性短语;二是形容词、副词与其短语及其比较级;三是数字和年代;四是在文章中出现较少的前三项单词;五是一目了然、容易找并有利于确定答案的单词;六是陈述句的中心词;七是短语优先于单词作为关键词;八是数字和比较级优先于其原级与其它单词;九是文章标题中的、文章出现较多的单词以及动词一般不是关键词。

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16、根据材料，完成16-23题。

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it. and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want tochange or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17、We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18、Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19、Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20、The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21、The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22、If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

答案解析

16. C

系统解析：【题 干】男孩通常在他们非常年轻时形成坏习惯。

【解 析】本题的关键词为boys和bad habits，回到原文定位发现全文没有提及boys，故只能选择“未提及”。

17. B

系统解析：【题 干】如果别人告诉我们去做，我们才能改掉不良习惯。

【解 析】从第二段第二句可知改掉坏习惯有两个途径：有人阻止或者潜意识地观察其他人没有相同的坏习惯，我们就会逐渐摆脱坏习惯。因此题干内容有误，故选B。

【考点延伸】grow out of是个固定搭配，意思是“超过，超越”。

18. A

系统解析：【题 干】当我们有压力时，坏习惯可能会回来。

【解 析】从第三段第一句“…it is the old ways that tend to win，especially in situations where we are rushed。stressed or overworked.”可知在面对压力的时候，有些我们以为已经改掉的坏习惯又会回来。因此题干内容正确，故选A。

【考点延伸】tend to的意思是“倾向于，将要”，rush的本意是“奔跑”，在这里引申含义为“匆忙做……”，rushed，stressed，overworked都是表达“压力”的意思，因此此处是一个同义替换的考题。

19. B

系统解析：【题 干】研究人员对志愿者在第一个测试中给出的答案感到惊讶。

【解 析】从第四段第三句“It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second.”可知研究人员对志愿者在第一个测验中得出的结果一点都不感到惊讶。因此题干内容有误，故选B。

【考点延伸】：It can'le as no surprise…that…是一个主语从句后置的结构，真正的主语是that从旬的内容，it是形式主语。这样的句式很多，比如：

It is important that we work hard.

It is believed that the president will come tomorrow.

20. C

系统解析：【题 干】志愿者们发现第二次测试更加困难。

【解 析】文章没有提及志愿者是否发现更难。因此答案为C未提及。

【考点延伸】find+名词+形容词的结构中，形容词为补语。

21. B

系统解析：【题 干】研究表明，对已经改掉的习惯很难做出反应。

【解 析】从第五段第二句“We may try to change our ways，but after a while，the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned.”可知我们尝试改变方式，但首先出现在我们脑海中的通常是我们最开始学的。由此可推理，要摆脱最先认知的内容是更困难的。因此题干内容有误，故选B。

【考点延伸】这是一个由细节进行推理的题目，需要根据原文回现与题干内容进行对应并进一步推理后才能做出选择。

22. A

系统解析：【题 干】如果我们形成坏习惯越早，就越难改掉。

【解 析】从最后一段“The study therefore suggests that over bad habits also become automatic.1earned behavior.This is not good Ilews for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them.” 可知坏习惯慢慢就变成了自动的习得行为，一旦早期养成了什么坏习惯.在后期要改变或打破他们就很难。因此题干内容正确，故选A。

【考点延伸】learned behavior的意思是“通过学习得到的行为”，即“习得行为”，

learned的近义词为acquired。pick up意思是“捡起，养成”，常跟habit连用。