把一篇文章看两遍。第一遍是考概括大意题，直接到指定段落当中寻找中心主题句的过程。在考试当中，指定四段，但是给你六个选项。我们做题的时候，也要用到中心主题句的位置这种方式做。中心主题句一般会出现段首句的一二句或者是中间。中间一般会有转折词，像BUT等。它在考试的时候，实际上考你中心的原则，中心主题句中的核心词与选项中出现的单词，他们之间的对应关系。大家如果要明白对应关系，再做这种题就觉得不难了。

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 一个最佳选项。

Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight

1. Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S. , commuters(通勤人员) spend an average of a full working, week each year sitting in traffic jams,according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience,comfort and privacy.

2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times, of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

3. Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can als0 allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $ 50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

Paragraph 1_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

24、Paragraph 2_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

25、Paragraph 3_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

26、Paragraph 4_______

A.Paying to get in

B.Changing work practice

C.Not doing enough

D.A solution which is no solution

E.Closing city centres to traffic

F.A global problem

27、Most American drivers think it convenient to______

traffic jams

around

by bus

more money

regularly

rage more private cars

28、If charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.

traffic jams

around

by bus

more money

regularly

rage more private cars

29、Building more roads is not an effective way to_______

traffic jams

around

by bus

more money

regularly

rage more private cars

30、The U. S. government has planned to_______ updating public-transport systems.

traffic jams

around

by bus

more money

regularly

rage more private cars

答案解析

23. F

系统解析：【题 干】第一段的主要内容是_____

【解 析】第一段首句是主题句，交通堵塞问题影响全世界，包括发达国家以及发展中国家。因此是个全球问题。故F(全球问题)是正确答案。

24. A

系统解析：【题 干】第二段的主要内容是_____

【解 析】第二段首句是主题句，最有前途的减少城市交通的技术被称为拥挤定价。即车辆在一天的某个时段进入城里的某些区域是要付费的。故A(付费进入)是正确答案。

25. B

系统解析：【题 干】第三段的主要内容是 ______

【解 析】第三段首句是主题句，另一种缓解交通高峰期的方法是雇主实施弹性工作时间，它可以让员工在非高峰交通时间往返工作，以避开上下班的高峰时间。故B(改变上下班惯例)是正确答案。

26. D

系统解析：【题 干】第四段的主要内容是 _______

【解 析】第四段没有主题句，通过本段可知很多人认为缓解交通压力最好的办法是多修路，但作者认为这种办法并不能真正解决问题。故D(一个不能解决问题的方案)是正确答案。

27. B

系统解析：【题 干】很多美国司机认为_____很方便。

【解 析】根据第一段最后一句可知，很多人选择自驾车是为了舒适方便。故选B。

【考点延伸】词性之间的转换是考查的重要内容。原文中的convenience为名词，题干中转化成了形容词convenient。

28. C

系统解析：【题 干】如果收费足够高，一些司机或许_____ 讲入城镇特定的地区。

【解 析】根据第二段第二句可知，理论上，如果对进城车辆收费高的话，有些人就会取消出行或选用公共交通工具或火车。故选C。

【考点延伸】句式的改写是考查的重要内容。原文中是if引导的条件状语从句，对应到题干中为if引导的分词结构充当条件状语。经常用when/if/because/ unless 4-分词结构来充当状语从句的功能。比如：

If the toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.等于 If charged high enough，some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.此时要注意，在这种情况下，主旬的主语要与分词结构中的逻辑主语一致。

29. A

系统解析：【题 干】修建更多的道路不是______的有效方式。

【解 析】根据第四段，很多人认为缓解交通压力最好的办法是多修路，但作者认为这种办法并不能真正解决问题。故选A。

30. D

系统解析：【题 干】美国政府计划_____来升级公共交通系统。

【解 析】根据第五段第二句可知，美国政府打算花70亿来更新公共交通体系。故选D。

【考点解析】此题是对原文中的某些信息进行概括的对应，比如$50 billion被概括成为a lot of money，5 people被概括为a few people等。这样的解题技巧对阅读理解题目的解答也是适用的。