面请同学们针对下文进行阅读理解练习。       Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn’t. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device. 　　The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won’t end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source createda passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with atiny power pack, in the patient’s chest. The first sample products aren’t expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they’ll work—and that America’s overextended health—care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation’s health. 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _____. 　　A. a technical failure 　　B. a technical wonder 　　C. a good life-saver 　　D. an effective means to treat heart disease 　　2. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _____. 　　A. has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts 　　B. will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models 　　C. may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts D. can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years 　　3. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______. 　　A. to have a working life of 10 or 20 years 　　B. to be set fully in the patient’s chest 　　C. to be equipped with an external power source 　　D. to create a new passage for infection 　　4. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _____. 　　A. doctors who treat heart diseases 　　B. makers of artificial hearts 　　C. America’s health-care programs 　　D. New model of artificial hearts 　　5. Some people feel that ______. 　　A. artificial hearts are seldom effective 　　B. the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts 　　C. the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts 　　D. America’s health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation’s health 　　1.[A] 文章一开头说Jarvik-7以前被认为是一大技术成就，但文章第1段倒数第2句中提到,美国食品与药品管理局得出结论,认为这种仪器与其说是挽救生命,不如说是将生命置于更加危险的境地。由此可知Jarvik-7是一个技术失败,故选A。 　　2.[C] 文章第2段第1句提到，要求生产人造心脏的Symbion公司召回其销售的人造心脏，这对该公来说或许是一种损失，但这一禁令不会终结人们对人造心脏的需求。从这一句可推断出应选C。原文只提到政府禁止Jarvik-7这种型号的人造心脏，A把范围扩大到了所有的人造心脏;B在原英语文中并未提及;D说的对象不是Symbion公司，也可排除。 　　3.[B] 文章中第2段第3句提到，这种新仪器可以完全置于患者的胸腔内，B与之相符，故选B。A在文中并未提及;C、D说的对象是Jarvik-7，故也排除。 　　4.[D] 从句子意思看，“向为数不多的瀕危病人提供” 的显然是上一句中的sample products，即可与电源组一并植于人体内的new devices，故选D。 　　5.[B] 第2段倒数第2句But some people are already worrying…这句话体现了有些人已经在担心，为为数不多的垂危病人动用巨额资金购置新型的人造心脏是否合算，而由该段最后一句可以看出作者认为这样的做法是不明智的，因此B是答案。      请同学们在看完答案和解析以后回过头去重新审视这篇文章，总结其中对自己练习和考试有所帮助的内容和方法。  

一道题目，必然会对下一道题产生影响。 二、利用小对话间隔，迅速浏览选项 建议大家，速战速决，也就是说，会留出一点时间，或者是一些时间，来看下一方题目的选项。另外一个问题，就是说，我们可能会提前看一些小对话的题目，比如说，前三题或者是前五题，大家一般会看得比较清楚，所以说，做前方题那种压力，也会变小。两方面，一个是，提前看题，第二件事，是利用小对话之间的间隔，将选项进行这样一个浏览和阅读。 　三、先看选项，然后再听。 是到底应该一边听，一边做，还是听完再做，还是看完选项再听，实际上，这应该是一个同步的过程。 那么，比较科学的方法是，先看选项，然后再听，听完之后再做一个非常准确的判断。过程之中，不可避免，一定会出现，边听和边看的情况，所以，大家一定要锻炼一种能力，这种能力就是一边听一边看。 我相信，这种能力对于很多人来说，这个难度比较大。但是，实际上，就是因为我们不熟悉，和不锻炼的缘故，其实，每天的晚上，我们在看电视剧的时候，不知道主持人有没有这样的感觉。我们可以完全做到，一边听，一边看，一边打电话，一边吃东西，同时还泡脚什么的。因为我们听中文，所以都英语比较清楚。其实英文完全可以做到这种状态，只是说，可能需要时间，大家都可以尝试一下。 以上就是沪江的小编为大家整理的英语六级听力段对话先听内容还是先看选项的方法，如果大家还在纠结这个问题，那么就仔细的阅读上面的文章吧，相信会让您有所抉择，最后沪江的小编预祝大家都能够在六级考试中取得一个好的成绩。

面上的翻译。整个在线翻译的过程可以分为原文分析、原文译文转换和译文生成3个阶段。 1. 在线翻译类型 迄今存在和正在研制的在线翻译系统按加工深度可分为3种类型：第1类是以词汇为主的在线翻译系统;第2类是以句法为主的在线翻译系统;第3类是以语义为主的在线翻译系统。目前世界上绝大多数的在线翻译系统都是第2类在线翻译系统，研究的重点主要放在句法方面。由于语义研究还不成熟，建立第3类在线翻译系统还有相当大的困难。 2. 百度翻译 百度翻译是一项免费的在线翻译服务，现支持14种语言，36个语言方向翻译。提供中文、英语、日语、韩语、西班牙语、泰语、法语、阿拉伯语、葡萄牙语、俄语、德语、意大利语、粤语、文言文等语种翻译服务。支持文本翻译和网页翻译两种类型，在翻译框输入想要翻译的文本或者网页地址，即可获得翻译结果。 3. 查查在线翻译 查查在线翻译是网上独一无二的在线词典，它有以下特点 (1)超大词库 普通词典有和没翻译，又称自动化翻译，是用计算机实现一种自然语言到另一种自然语言的在线翻译转换。一般指自然语有的都能查到，涵盖工作生活各个领域。 (2)丰富例句 大量的例句让您清晰地理解每个词汇的实际具体用法。 (3)真人发音 常用词汇标有中英文音标，并可播放真人录制标准发音。 (4)全文翻译 可翻译整句和全文，中英互译可选本公司独立研发技术。 (5)多语支持 支持英语、日语、法语、韩语、俄语多语言在线翻译。

　　学习日语时一个循序渐进的过程，但我们对日语的听说读写这些基础工作做好之后，那么我们就会开始接触到相对来说更加高级的日语翻译，日语翻译又分为笔译和口译，我们要如何去掌握它们呢?今天沪江小编就来谈谈一些常用日语翻译法的速成技巧，希望能够帮助到大家。 　　一、尝试对句子进行拆解，逐一分析大家都知道，无论是那个语言，句子都不是一下子就形成的，它是由许多个基本词按照语法组合而成，如果难度大一些，可能还会伴随着从句，这会让我们这些外语学习者感到头大。如果我们遇到了棘手的句子时，我们该怎么做呢?如果我们是翻译经验不足的新手，我们肯定是没有办法一次性将其完语时一个循序渐进的过程，但我们对日语整地翻译出来的，这个时候我们就要用到 “拆解分析法”，首先我们会对句子成分进行剖析，然后句子的每个部分逐步进行分解，直到分解到日语句子的很小单位：主宾谓结构。然后对句子的每个部分分别进行翻译。然后按照中文的语序，注意对其进行组合，这样我们就能够很好地对整个句子有个大致的理解。 　　二、翻译的时候，必要时候要转换词性大家都知道每种语言之间都有它自己独特的特点，所以在翻译成中文的时候，因为日语自己本身存在的一些特点，会造成句子内容不平衡的情况，例如主语上太多修辞，让句子变得非常累赘，而宾语和动词显得孤孤单单的;同时，也会出现语句成分不够完整的情况，这也会让我们理解上出现一些问题。所以碰到这种情况的时候，我们需要适当地对词性进行转换，让整个句子能够保持通顺流畅，这种转换大多发生在形容词和名词，名词和动词以及形容词跟副词之间，所以遇到这样的情况，大家要多多注意，这对我们来说非常重要。 　　三、我们在逐字翻译时，实时进行语位调整因为翻译的过程本身就是两种语言的转换，因此在进行翻译的过程当中，要跟原文一模一样，其实并不太能太过于强求。逐字翻译很容易导致翻译出来的句子语序杂乱。所以在这种情况下，我们需要根据两种语言差异，适时地进行调整，才能够保证句子通顺流畅。 　　四、适当增减单词也是翻译技巧日语本身就比较复杂，在翻译的过程中，总是会出现让人觉得难以理解的部分，再进行对照翻译的时候，我们会发现和原文相比，译文中有些词语会显得重复，这个时候我们就需要对它进行处理，适当地进行减，其实并不会对我们的句子产生一些影响。当然因为日语和中文之间可能存在一定的语言差异，有的时候直接翻译，可能会导致句子内容缺失，所以想要句子通顺，我们就需要适当地增加句子的成分，以此让句子变得更加通顺，结构也更加严谨。 　　五、我们要学会转换调整整篇文章全部都被翻译之后，可以对句意进行适当的调整，尤其是一些不恰当的从句，我们可以对他们进行合理地转化，这样将通篇都调整之后，就能够写出一篇完整的日语翻译。 　　上述就是沪江小编分享的关于常用日语翻译法的速成技巧，希望大家可以采纳，如果大家想要学习更多日语速成技巧，敬请关注沪江网，小编会持续为大家更新。

      在大学英语

      大学英语四级考试阅读理解题可能不是该考试中难的题型，但是对词汇量和技巧的考察面和深度却可能是最高的，在平时的备考过程中，同学们要通过不断的练习来提升自己的词汇和技巧掌握情况，不断丰富自己的解题经验和思维。下面我们就来为大家提供一篇四级考试阅读理解练习题，希望能够帮助大家不断提升自己的知识储备。       Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判)decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. 　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛)involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. 　　Observers noted down the referees’errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. 　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, theywere, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was12 meters.The research shows the optimum(最佳的)distance is about 20 meters. 　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. 　　If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. 　　He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping upwith the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical. 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to_______. 　　A. review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup 　　B. analyze the causes of errors made by football referees 　　C. set a standard for football refereeing 　　D. reexamine the rules for foootball refereeing 　　2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______. 　　A. slightly above average 　　B. higher than in the 1998 World Cup 　　C. quite unexpected 　　D. as high as in a standard match 　　3. The findings of the experiment show that _______. 　　A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball 　　B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors 　　C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur 　　D. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot 　　4. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______. 　　A. the researchers involved in the experiment 　　B. the inspectors of the football tournament 　　C. the referees of the football tournament 　　D. the observers at the site of the experiment 　　5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? 　　A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. 　　B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. 　　C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. 　　D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. 　　1.[B] 根据第1段可知，球迷对裁判的裁决不满意，因此“A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. 一名研究员被指定对一些高级裁判的场上执法情况进行研究”,再加上文中error一词頻频使用，可见，目的是分析裁判误判的原因，即B。 　　2.[C] 第3段说“在90分钟的标准赛中，每个裁判几乎犯23个错误，这是一个remarkably high number”, C与之一致。 　　3.[A] 第4段第2句提到，令人惊讶的是，裁判离犯规地点越近，错判的可能性就越大,A为原文的同义表达，故选A。B项的干扰性比较大，但由下一句可知，正确判断的平均距离是离犯规处17米。故并非越远，错判就越少，故排除B。 　　4.[C] 根据第4段officials出现的上下文可以判断是指referees，其实这英语也是全文主题词.故选C。 　　5.[B] 最后一段提到，如果紧跟着球员跑来跑去显得不那么重要的话，栽判的身体状况也就不那么关键了。所以它的含义应为B “在选择足球裁判时，年龄并不是首要考虑的因素"。       这篇文章中有没有你认为比较难的点，如果有，这就是你的弱项，需要进行练习和提升，来弥补这一缺陷，提升自己的成绩。  

比较常用的短语，提高我们的英语水平。以下就是我的汇总，供大家参考学习。 1. a big headache令人头痛的事情 2. a fraction of 一部分 3. a matter of concern 焦点 4. a series of 一系列,一连串above all 首先,尤其是 5. absent from不在,缺席 6. abundant in富于 7. account for 解释 8. accuse sb. of sth.控告 9. add to增加(add up to) 10. after all 毕竟,究竟 11. agree with同意 12. ahead of time / schedule提前 13. ahead of 在...之前(ahead of time 提前) 14. alien to与...相反 15. all at once 突然,同时 16. all but 几乎;除了...都 17. all of a sudden 突然 18. all over again 再一次,重新 19. all over 遍及 20. all right 令人满意的;可以 21. all the same 仍然,照样的 22. all the time 一直,始终 23. angry with sb. at/about sth.生气,愤怒 24. anxious about/for忧虑,担心 25. anything but 根英语的学习过程中，常常会将这一科目分为单词、短语、句型三大部分。今天我就常用的英语短语本不 26. apart from 除...外(有/无) 27. appeal to 吸引，申诉，请求 28. applicable to适用于 29. apply to适用 30. appropriate for/to适当,合适 31. approximate to近似,接近 32. apt at聪明,善于 33. apt to易于 34. around the clock夜以继日 35. as a matter of fact 实际上 36. as a result(of) 因此,由于 37. as a rule 通常,照例 38. as far as ...be concerned 就...而言 39. as far as 远至,到...程度 40. as follows 如下 41. as for 至于,关于 42. as good as 和...几乎一样 43. as if 好像,防腐 44. as regards 关于,至于 45. as to 至于,关于 46. as usual 像平常一样,照例 47. as well as 除...外(也),即...又 48. as well 同样,也,还 49. ashamed of羞愧,害臊 50. aside from 除...外(还有) 51. ask for the moon异想天开 52. at a loss 茫然,不知所措 53. at a time 一次,每次 54. at all costs 不惜一切代价 55. at all events 不管怎样,无论如何 56. at all times 随时,总是 57. at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 58. at any rate 无论如何,至少 59. at best 充其量,至多 60. at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 61. at first 最初,起先 62. at hand 在手边,在附近 63. at heart 内心里,本质上 64. at home 在家,在国内 65. at intervals 不时,每隔... 66. at large 大多数,未被捕获的 67. at last 终于 68. at least 至少 69. at length 最终,终于 70. at most 至多,不超过 71. at no time 从不,决不 72. at one time 曾经,一度;同时 73. at present 目前,现在 74. at someone's disposal 任...处理 75. at the cost of 以...为代价 76. at the mercy of 任凭...摆布 77. at the moment 此刻,目前 78. at this rate 照此速度 79. at times 有时,间或 80. aware of意识到 81. back and forth 来回地,反复地 82. back of 在...后面 83. back up后备,支援 84. bare of几乎没有,缺乏 85. be able to do能够 86. be around差不多 87. be available to sb.可用,可供 88. be bound to一定 89. be capable of doing能够 90. be concerned with 关心…，涉足… 91. be dying to渴望 92. be fed up with受够了be tired of 93. be in hospital 住院 94. be in season 上市的/in peak season旺季 95. be in the mood to do sth. 想做 96. be pressed for time时间不够 97. be tied up with忙于 98. be under the weather 身体不好 99. beat around the bush 拐弯没角 100. beat the crowd 避开人群 以上就是我们生活中常用的100条英语短语，希望大家能够认真进行记忆，仔细思考每个短语的意义和用法，在与人交流的过程中能够恰当的进行使用，使我们的英语水平能够有所体现。希望本文对大家的英语学习能够有所帮助。

英语是我们学习的第二大语言，随着中国经济的发展，国内的外企也越来也多。若想进入外企，首先英语能力一定要过关，所以学习英语成为了当今的主流。学习要讲究方法，学习英语需要坚持和积累，学习的过程中可能会比较枯燥，但是只要坚持下来，一定能学有所成。下面沪江小编给大家整理了一篇高一的英语课文及翻译，大家可以学习一下。 好朋友 SPEAKING 课文翻译 JOHN：I’m 15 years old and I love football. I also like reading, especially 约翰：我15岁，我喜欢足球，我也喜欢读书，尤其 stories about people from

英语是我们除了母语以外最多人学习的第二语言，也是当今运用最为广泛的外语。因为英语

      英语四级考试中的重点题型阅读理解主要考察考生对于英语词汇和知识的学习与应用，对考生英语综合能力的要求比较高。那么对于阅读理解类题型，考生该采取怎样的策略来加以应对呢？我们认为重要的一点便是要多进行练习，通过不断的练习来提升自己的知识和技巧掌握度。下英语四级考试中的重点题型阅读理解主要考察考生对于英语词汇和知识的学习与应用，对考生英语面请同学们就一篇练习题来进行练习提升。       Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world: 　　We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world. 　　Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, " says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed." 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man…is part of nature" (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)? 　　A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature. 　　B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature. 　　C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution. 　　D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides? 　　2. What is the author"s attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides? 　　A. Pessimistic 　　B. Indifferent 　　C. Defensive 　　D. Cooncerned 　　3. In the author"s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____. 　　A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides 　　B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths 　　C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention 　　D. is unavoidable because people can"t do without pesticides in farming 　　4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____. 　　A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people"s health 　　B. the present is more important for them than the future 　　C. the danger does not become apparent immediately 　　D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning 　　5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____. 　　A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with 　　B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal 　　C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure 　　D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides 　　1.[B] 题干的句子是文章第1段第3句，这是一个带有插入语的简单句，contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反，因此答案为B。 　　2.[D] 第2段最后一句提到，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。因此，作者对杀虫剂对环境的影响关注且担忧,D符合题意。 　　3.[A] 第2段第2句提到，杀虫剂使人突然发病或者死亡是很令人难过的亊，对于人口整体来说，人类对杀虫剂长期累计的潜在后果的认识不足，才是最严重的问题，故选A。 　　4.[C] 根据第3段倒数第2句说的“对未来的灾难无动于衷是人的本性”以及最后一句说的"大多数人只对有明显迹象的疾病予以关注”可知C正是人们忽视化学药物的潜在危害的原因，故选C。 　　5.[D] Dubos博士话中“最可怕的敌人”指的是“杀虫剂引起的潜在危险”，博士话中的slowly approach them unnoticed直接表明D正确。      这篇文章是否对于你的英语知识和技巧有了一定的促进作用呢？希望在接下来的备考过程中多做练习，不断提升。