能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同，重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同，大致可分为三种。 　　1、为了明确 　　I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble。 　　我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障(重复名词) 　　Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C。 　　在常压下，水在摄氏零度时变成冰，在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。(重复动词) 　　A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and the earth get

In relation to a company’s shares, explain the following: (a) the statement of capital and initial shareholdings; (4 marks) (b) authorised minimum issued capital in a public company; (2 marks) (c) paid-up capital; (2 marks) (d) the difference between nominal value and market value. (2 marks) 【答案】 The word ‘capital’ is used in a number of different ways in relation to shares. (a) Under the provisions of the Companies Act (CA) 1985 the memorandum of a limited company with a share capital was required to state the amount of the share capital with which the company proposed to be registered and the nominal amount of each of its shares. This was known as the ‘authorised share capital’ and set a limit on the amount of capital which the company could issue, subject to increase by ordinary resolution. Section 9 of the CA 2006 removes the concept of ‘authorised capital’ and replaces it with the requirement to submit a ‘statement of capital and initial shareholdings’ to the registrar in the application to register the company. The statement of capital and initial shareholdings is essentially a ‘snapshot’ of a company's share capital at the point of registration. Section 10 CA 2006 requires the statement of capital and initial shareholdings to contain the following information: – the total number of shares of the company to be taken on formation by the subscribers to the memorandum; – the aggregate nominal value of those shares; – for each class of shares: prescribed particulars of the rights attached to those shares, the total number of shares of that class and the aggregate nominal value of shares of that class; and – the amount to be paid up and the amount (if any) to be unpaid on each share (whether on account of the nominal value of the shares or by way of premium). The statement must contain such information as may be required to identify the subscribers to the memorandum of association. With regard to such subscribers it must state: – the number, nominal value (of each share) and class of shares to be taken by them on formation; and – the amount to be paid up and the amount (if any) to be unpaid on each share. Where a subscriber takes shares of more than one class of share, the above information is required for each class. (b) Issued capital represents the nominal value of the shares actually issued by the company and public companies must have a minimum issued capital of £50,000 or the prescribed euro equivalent (s.763 CA 2006). (c) Paid-up capital. This is the proportion of the nominal value of the issued capital actually paid by the shareholder (s.547 CA 2006). It may be the full nominal value, in which case it fulfils the shareholder’s responsibility to outsiders; or it can be a mere part payment, in which case the company has an outstanding claim against the shareholder. Shares in public companies must be paid up to the extent of at least a quarter of their nominal value (s.586 CA 2006). (d) Once established, the nominal value of the share remains fixed and does not normally change. However, the value of the shares in the stock market may be subject to daily fluctuation depending on a number of interrelated factors, such as the profitability of the company, the prevailing rate of interest or prospective takeover bids. Thus the market value of a share of £1 nominal value may as much as £5 or higher, or as low as 1 penny  ACCA特许公认会计师F段+OBU本科学位班【签约班】                  高级商业会计证书+英国牛津布鲁克斯大学学士学位 不过重读1年                查看折扣  ACCA特许公认会计师P段【签约班】                                         名师授课，签约过

Question： According to the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS), firms must do all of the following except: A. adhere to certain calculation methodologies and make specific disclosures along with their performance. B. provide investors with a comprehensive view of their performance only

作和简答题，10题左右，其中大部分的分数分布在IPS（InvestmentPolicy Statement）写作上，Afternoon session和二级形式相同，但内容更偏重portfolio management。另外还包含了相当繁琐的GIPS。   CFA1级可以说是什么都考，当然，其中财报分析和道德是最主要的，但往2，3级过渡会发现，等到了3级，原来在1级里只占了一小半的投资学部分（权益证券投资，固定收益证券投资，其他类投资，衍生品投资，投资组合管理）占到了85%，其实这就说明了CFA的核心和终极目的：专注于投资管理，培养投资业精英。至于金融领域里的其它：公司金融，风控，外汇，精算，理财规划，又或是金工，就和CFA搭的边不多了。   6. CFA报考条件 拥有学士学位或相当的专业水准以上，对专业没有任何限制；  大学

常用的快捷键。 1、CTRL+N 或CTRL+双击PHOTOSHOP桌面 打开"新建"对话框,新建一个文件. 2、CTRL+O或双击PHOTOSHOP桌面 打开“打开”对话框，打开图像文件。 3、CTRL+SHIFT+O 打开“文件浏览器”窗口 4、CTRL+ALT+O 打开“打开为”对话框，指定格式打开文件 5、CTRL+W或CTRL+F4 关闭当前图像文件 6、CTRL+S 保存图像文件 7、CTRL+SHIFT+S 用“存储为”方式保存图像 8、CTRL+SHIFT+P 显示“页面设置”对话框，以便于进行页面设置 9、CTRL+P 打印当前图像文件 10、CTRL+K 打开“预置”对话框，设置PHOTOSHOP操作环境 11、ALT+F4或CTRL+Q 退出PHOTOSHOP7.0应用程序 12、CTRL+Z 还原和重做上一次的编缉操作 13、CTRL+SHIFT+Z 向前推进一步操作 14、CTRL+ALT+Z 向后返回一步操作 15、CTRL+X 剪切图像 16、CTRL+C 复制(或拷贝)图像 17、CTRL+SHIFT+C 合并复制所有图层中的图像内容，等同于“合并拷贝”命令 18、CTRL+V或F4 粘贴图像 19、CTRL+SHIFT+V 粘贴图像到选取区域中，等同于“粘贴入”命令 20、SHIFT+Backspace 打开“填充”对话框 有了快捷键，不仅可以节省大量的时间，而且可以创造更多的价值。快捷键也不是只有在熟知软件以后才能用，早一天接触这些，你就会适应的更早，从开始就这样操作，在以后的工作中更会了如指掌。

并不是考大家英文表达的，大家可以先记关键词，然后用最简单的英语表达出来即可。在考试过程中，如果遇到一时想不起来的问题，可以先放一放，先继续往后做，而且每道题目不用答很多，只要有关键词用最简单的英文表达出来即可。   往往个人IPS等一些比较难的科目的case会在比较前面，如果你觉得对于某个科目不太擅长，可以先把这个case放一下，放到最后去做，毕竟后面的经济学、业绩归因等科目的题目都还是比较简单的。对于三级的上午题来说，一定是要把自己会的题目的分数牢牢把握住，即使最后空了几个题目没有做完也不会有太大问题的。   在接下来的2个半月中，建议大家先快速的巩固下知识点，最好2周之内完成，三级一定要留大量

the collection is housed athome. Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latestaddition to verifying facts in reference books. Consequently, one's knowledge

Question： After a firm presents a minimum required number of years of GIPS- compliant performance, the firm must present an additional year of performance each year, building up to a minimum of: A. 10 years of GIPS-compliant performance. B. 15 years of GIPS-compliant performance. C. 5 years of GIPS-compliant performance. Answer = A After a firm presents a minimum of five years of GIPS-compliant performance, the firm must present an additional year of performance each year, building up to a minimum of 10 years of GIPS-compliant performance. CFA Level I "The GIPS Standards," CFA Institute Section: Historical Performance Record     CFA特许金融分析师1-3级【沪江金程联合开发】 权威名师倾情打造，助力通过金融第一考 查看折扣 CFA特许金融分析师1级【沪江&金程联合开发】 权威名师倾情打造，助力通过金融第一考 查看折扣 金融英语【特惠班】 双语教学，助力提升金融专业英语水平 查看折扣 更多精彩： 为了CFA二级10A，那些年我走过的弯路和捷径 CFA持证人普遍青睐的3个职位是什么？ CFA一般都是什么程度的人在考？