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宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补。
副词、形容词、名词、动词-ing形式、介词短语、不定式、过去分词、等都可以做宾语补足语哦~
(一)副词作宾语补足语
如:
I found him in yesterday. 我昨天发现他了。
(二)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等
如:
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
(三)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等
如:
We call them mooncakes. 我们叫它们月饼。
(四)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等
如:
In the country, we can hear birds singing. 在乡下,我们可以听到鸟儿在歌唱。
(五)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等
如:
I left my pen on my desk at home. 我把钢笔忘在家里的办公桌上了。
(六)不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等
如:
I often see him play football. 我经常看见他踢足球。
She often asks me to help her. 她经常叫我帮助她。
We don't allow such things to happen again. 我们不允许这种事情再次发生。
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多数父母同意禁止他们的孩子吸烟。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她要我在她不在时接电话。
Please remind me to leave her this note. 请提醒我把这张便条留给她。
She requested him to go with her. 她要求他和她一起去。
注意:分词作宾语补足语的时候:
用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系
用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系
1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等
如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明:
①表示“意欲;命令”的动词,如 like, want, wish, order 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
如:
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
②感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
如:
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
如:
Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?
④“ with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。
这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
如:
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)
With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)
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