同学你好，该知识点来自沪江网校《英语零基础直达PETS三级/公共英语三级【开学季专享班】》的课程，想要更系统的学习，欢迎进入课程学习。不仅可以和更多的同学一起学习，而且还有老师、助教随时的学习指导和知识点解答哦。

同学好：
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。


with 独立主格结构是英语中一种重要的句法现象，在句子结构方面具有相对独立的特点。虽然它在句子中只作状语，但是可以表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。
现将with引导的独立主格结构总结如下：
【独立主格也可以没有with】
一、句法结构
1． with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
1）He sat there thinking, with his head in his hand．他双手抱着头，坐在那儿沉思。
2）The old man stood there, with his back against the wall．那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
3）Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door．玛丽*近火炉坐着，背对着门。
2． with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
1）He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
2）The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery．这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。
3）He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold．他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。
3． with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
1）With production up by 60％, the company has had other excellent year．产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
2）The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on．这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
3）The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down．这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
4）He put on his socks with the wrong side out．他把袜子穿反了。
4． with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
1）She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
2）He died with his daughter yet a school girl．去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。
5． with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
1）She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
2）With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very lucky．无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我，我觉得自己真是太幸运了。
6． with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
1）I think we can leave with our heads held high.我认为我们可以高昂着头离开。
2)The man left Japan with his heart heart．这个人带着受伤的心离开了日本。

3) He was punished with nothing finished.他什么都没有完成，受到了惩罚。
7． with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
1）With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
2）With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed．有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。

二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
如：
With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
【作定语】 主要是用作后置定语。
如：
The girl reached a river bank, with so many flowers on both banks.这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。

祝学习愉快～