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同学你好~

3. Under what conditions is it that the methods may be used? 在什么条件下可以使用这些方法?
It is…that构成强调句，相当于It is under what conditions that the methods may be used.

5. How long is it since we last spent the holiday in the country? 从我们上次在乡下度假到现在有多久了?
Until直到；before在......之前；since 自从；that不能引导时间状语从句。



强调句型的基本结构是“It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who+ 句子其余部分”。其中，被强调的可以是主语、宾语、状语等，如果被强调的是人用that或who，其余情况用that。如：

针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。

强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.


在使用强调句型时须注意的几个问题：

(A) 原句子是现在时或将来时，强调句用It is + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…; 若原句子是过去时，强调句用：It was + 被强调的部分 + that (who)…

(1) Li Lei’s father will work in America. —It is in America that Li Lei’s father will work. 李蕾的父亲的工作将就在美国。

(2) I studied at this school a few years ago. —It was at this school that I studied a few years ago. 几年前我就在这所学校读书。

(B) 即使被强调的部分是复数，It后面始终用单数形式。如

(1) Tom and Lucy gave us much help. —It was Tom and Lucy that gave us much help. 正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。

(2) I saw swans in the lake yesterday. —It was swans that I saw in the lake yesterday. 昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。

(C) 强调人时，可用who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where, why, how代替 that。如：

(1) It is our teacher who / that helps us make great progress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。

(2) It is by bus that I go to school every day. 每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。

(D) 在强调not…until结构中的时间状语时，应将not移到until前，再将not until部分移到被强调的位置。如：

I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. — It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed. 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。

祝同学学习进步~