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同学好：
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, I’m going to London with my father.
约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）

直接引语变间接引语的方法---
一 变人称
参考该顺口溜“一随主；二随宾；第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
She said, My brother wants to go with me. →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致；如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：
He said to Kate, How is your sister now? →He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：
Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker.→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.

二 变时态
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时态需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1) She said, I have lost a pen. →She said she had lost a pen.
2) She said, We hope so. →She said they hoped so.
3) She said, He will go to see his friend.→She said he would go to see his friend.

但要注意以下几种情况在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said, John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said, I was born on April 20, 1980.
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时态不变。如：
He said, I get up at six every morning.
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said, You had better come here today.
→Peter said I had better go there that day.

三 变状语
直接引语变间接引语时，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”。
例：now 变为 then, yesterday变为 the day before
地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”。
例：this 改为 that
He said, These books are mine. →He said those books were his.

四 变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句。如：
She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He said, Can you swim, John?
→He asked John if he could swim.
You have finished the homework, haven't you? my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked.
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, When do they have their dinner?
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型。如：
Don't make any noise, she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, Let's go to the film.
→He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.

祝学习愉快！