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不定式被动式的用法



一、基本形式

不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。

二、用法归纳

不定式被动式在句中可以用作：

1. 主语。如：

It’s a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。

To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。

It’s a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。

2. 表语。如：

All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。

Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。

The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。

3. 宾语。如：

She doesn’t want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。

He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。

I don’t wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。

They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。

4. 定语。如：

I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。

The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。

5. 状语。如：

He asked to be kept informed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。

As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。

She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。

6. 宾语补足语。如：

He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。

He ordered the goods to be sent by air.  他命令把货物空运。(www.yygrammar.com)

7. 主语补足语。如：

The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。

The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 不许将书携出室外。

8. 用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中。如：

It’s an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸被邀在这里讲话。

It is essential for him to be prepared for this. 有必要让他对此有所准备。

It’s impossible for the job to be finished in time. 这项任务要按时完成是不可能的。

The note was a simple request for a porter to be sent to room 201. 这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去。

Can you arrange for the gold to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?