同学你好，该知识点来自沪江网校《【Uni智能】托福签95冲105名师VIP-大学起点【1月签约班】》的课程，想要更系统的学习，欢迎进入课程学习。不仅可以和更多的同学一起学习，而且还有老师、助教随时的学习指导和知识点解答哦。

同学你好，

第一题，根据the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer这句话前面的两句话，这两句话说的内容是人类的扩张导致野生环境的变化（replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories），鹿的数量也受此影响。然后就举了the Columbian white-tailed deer和the black-tailed deer这两个例子。因为人类活动the Columbian white-tailed deer数量减少，而对the black-tailed deer的影响则相反，因此，作者举这两个例子是为了说明人类活动对野生动物的影响，the Columbian white-tailed deer这个例子则证明了人类活动会导致野生动物数量减少。因此选A。

第三题，作者举了the black-tailed deer这个例子，原文中提到But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. 说明人类活动导致了黑尾鹿数量增加。since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period. 而这句话进一步说明了在20世纪40年代前期开始，黑尾鹿的数量就比之前多了。因此，和B选项所说的人类活动也意外导致了某些种群的鹿数量增加。

希望有所帮助~