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作宾语及宾语补语.
1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语.
常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起,agree同意,arrange安排,ask要求,attempt试图,beg乞求,begin开始,choose选择,claim声称,consent同意,dare敢,decide决定,decline谢绝,desire欲想,demand要求,determine决心,expect期待,fail失败,forget忘记,hate讨厌,help帮助,hope希望,intend打算,learn学习,like喜欢,long渴望,manage设法,mean打算,need需要,offer主动提出,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,prepare准备,pretend假装,promise答应,refuse拒绝,remember记得,seek寻求,seem好像,tend倾向,threaten威胁,undertake承担,volunteer志愿,want想要,wish希望等.
·I agreed to support him.我答应支持他.
·He said he wanted to be a professor.他说他想当教授.
2、不定式可以和how,which,what,who,whom,whose,when,where还有whether等词连用作宾语.形式为“动词+疑问词+不定式”.
常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问,advise建议,consider考虑,decide决定,discover发现,discuss讨论,explain解释,find out查明,forget忘记,inquire打听,know知道,learn学会,remember记得,show演示,tell告诉,teach教,think想,understand懂得,wonder想知道,等等.
例如：
·I don’t knowwhere to getso much money.我不知道去哪里搞这么多钱.
·They haven’t decidedwhether to leave orstay.他们还没决定是走还是留.
此外,这种不定式结构还可作主语,表语,和介词宾语等.
·How to live ahappy life is a difficult question to answer.怎样过幸福生活是个很难回答的问题
·The question is whom to choose for theposition.问题是这个位置选谁.
·That was a discussion about howto increase their strength.那是一次关于怎样增强他们力量的讨论.
3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语.
这种动词常见的有：ask请求,advise劝告,allow允许,beg乞求,believe相信,call on号召,cause促使,compel强迫,command指挥,direct指导,enable使…能够,encourage鼓励,expect期望,feel觉得,force迫使,get使得,hate不喜欢,have使,hear听见,help帮助,inspire鼓舞,intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示,know知道,lead引导,let让,like喜欢,listen to 听,look at看,make 使得,notice注意到,observe观察,order命令,permit允许,persuade说服,prefer更喜欢,press施加压力,remind提醒,request请求,teach教,tell告诉,urge敦促,want 想要,warn警告,wish希望,等等.
·I asked my mother to buy a new bike forme.我请求妈妈给我买辆新自行车.
·Tony knew his girl friend to bea shy college student.托尼知道他的女朋友是一个害羞的大学生.
·They helped you to get on the bus,didn’tthey?他们帮你上了汽车,是吗?
4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语.这样的动词有：feel觉得,have使,hear听见,help帮助,let让,listen to 听,look at看,make使,notice 注意,see看见,observe 观察,watch观看等,一类是感官动词,一类是使役动词.
·A policeman saw the accidenthappen.一位警察看见事故发生.
·We listened to her talk about herexperience abroad.我们听她讲国外的经历.
上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以.在被动语态中,上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原.
I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来.=The dog washeard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来.
I saw her go out by bike.=She was seen to go out bybike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了.
注意：
A）、在had better（最好）,would rather（宁愿）,would sooner（宁愿）,would (just) assoon（宁愿）,cannotbut（不能不,不由得不）,cannothelp but（不能不,不由得不）等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：
He would rather listen to others thantalk himself.他宁愿听别人也不愿自己说.
You had better go away right now.你最好立即就走.
I’d rather walk than take a bus.我宁可走也不愿坐公共汽车.
B）、在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：
Why not come with us?为什么不跟我们一起来呢?=Why don’t youcome with us?
For God’s sake,why bring that up again?看在上帝的份上,干吗又提这事呢?
Why split hairs over the color of the dress?干吗对连衣裙的颜色吹毛求疵呢?
注意：hope希望,demand要求,suggest建议,这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补.
错误的句子：
·I hope you to be happy.
·I suggest you to take himseriously.我建议你要把他当回事.
·We demanded them to give us a definiteanswer.我们要求他们给个确切的答复.
正确的句子：
·I hope that you’ll be happy.
·I suggest that you take himseriously.我建议你要把他当回事.
·We demanded that they give us a definiteanswer.我们要求他们给个确切的答复.