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同学你好~
虚拟语气指的是基本不可能实现的情况,或者表示委婉的语气。分三种情况来掌握:
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
虚拟条件句的时态分三种类型
一、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:
If you took a taxi,you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
二、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:
If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
三、与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词。如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:should + 原形动词。如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名?
其他情况:
习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗?
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如:
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如:
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如:
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗?
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如:
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。
祝同学学习进步~