每年的大学英语六级考试中，作文是必考的一类题型，因为这一项能够反映学生综合运用英语的基本写作能力。这几年由于六级作文考试成绩总是处于低谷，因此很多考生在备考的时候将提高自己的写作能力作为首要任务。那么有哪些方法能够迅速提高写作水平呢?沪江的小编在这里给大家介绍一下如何备考六级作文，希望能够对大家有所帮助。

1、利用所学课文进行缩写

按照全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会制订的作文评分原则及标准的规定, 四级作文应在120 字以上,六级至少要达150 字, 但一般在200 字以下。体裁分为应用文( practical writing) , 记叙文( narration) , 议论文( argumentation) , 说明文( 含描写文) ( exposition or description) 。出题形式有命题( 或标题) 作文、大纲作文、看图作文、根据图示与大纲结合作文。无论是哪种文体或哪种形式, 我们可以利用目前全国通用的《全新版大学英语综合教程》(以下简称《综合教程》)中的课文部分进行缩写。这里所说的缩写不是指从读者的角度来总结归纳或写读后感, 而是按原作者的原文进行压缩改写。学生在阅读学习课文后, 在教师指导下有选择地对某些进行缩写, 这不仅能加深学生更透彻地理解所学课文, 而且能培养他们学会抓准主要内容及中心意思的能力; 同时又能通过这种练习及作文实践来巩固文中所学的重要词汇并能促进写作水平的提高。这是一举多得的良策。四本《综合教程》中的课文A 与B 即Text A 和Text B 涵盖各种体裁, 多数适合做缩写练习。以该教程第一册第三单元“Public Attitudes Toward Science”为例, 原文主要意思是: 科技力量对人类生活影响巨大, 可有人却要阻止科技发展, 欲回到那个所谓的纯洁质朴的旧时代, 但历史时钟不可倒拨。科技的进步让我们享受到日益完善的医疗服务以及不断提高的生活质量。因此, 人类文明要延续和发展, 不仅需要科学家与工程师, 也需要广大民众了解科学、认识科学。普及科学常识的三大方法是: 课堂基础教育, 用通俗易懂的文字、图表代替呆版乏味的数学等式, 还有媒体尤其是深受大众喜欢的电视。原文字数达812 个, 可缩写成下文(167 字):

Our world has changed dramatically over the last hundred years, being likely to develop much further in thenext century. Yet, there are still some people who would like to stop this change as they are nostalgic and considerthe past a purer and simpler age.

Anyway, no one can put the clock back to the days of yore because the influence of science and technology onhuman beings is immense and irreversible. For example, the human race has been benefited greatly from the modern medical care and enjoying the steady improvement in living standard.

Therefore, it is the advance of science and technology that ensures to us a better life.

To make our civilization survive, apart from scientists and engineers, the masses also need to have a basicunderstanding and a qualitative grasp of science. I believe the best way to have the public informed of popularscience is through school education, replacing equations with vivid words and diagrams, and making full use ofmedia, particularly TV.

2、学会“喜新厌旧”

在英语写作中, 如确需要重复词义, 切忌重复同一词语以避免单调、呆板、平淡, 应尽可能“喜新厌旧”, 即使用同义表达( 如同义词或同义短语) 以便使文章写得灵活、富有变化。

( 1) 同义词

《综合教程》第一册第一单元“Writing for Myself”一文主要讲述作者如何从厌恶“乏味、枯燥”的英语写作课转向后来找到了学习的乐趣并最终成为作家的巨大变化历程。其中第一段与第二段在重复“乏味、枯燥”这一词义时, 分别用了六个不同的词语“: bored, dull, lifeless, cheerless, tedious, dullness”, 这使文章增色不少。

如: ... I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. Ihated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.

When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in thatmost tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.

( 2) 同义短语

在下面的段落中,“赌博”分别用了“gambling”和“the evil habit”“沉湎”分别用了“get lost in”、“indulgethemselves in”和“abandon yourself to”。

如: In the world no other game is so harmful and dangerous as gambling, which often makes those who get lostin it bankrupt and pollutes their minds. It is indeed the disaster of mankind. In spite of the deplorable results, theystill indulge themselves in the evil habit, not only losing their precious time and property, but also their characters.

... a ward of warning: to abandon yourself to any form of gambling is predestined to ruin your life!

3、选用“动感”动词

“动感”动词比其它同义普通动词更能生动地描述某种行为动作, 能使文章的字句读起来有声有色、栩栩如生、富有表现力, 能产生极强的动感效果。比较下面句子的不同用词可以看出两种不同的读后效应。

如: (1) The thief thrust ( put) the stolen purse into his pocket.

(2) I saw them off while the bus was rolling (going) away.

(3) The principal stormed (ran) into the noisy classroom, his face livid with anger.

(4) The door was banged shut (closed with a loud noise).

(5) He exploded (said angrily):“Why didn’t you tell me earlier”.

(6) The sound of the engine became thunderous (very loud).

(7) Every morning, the policeman on duty can see thousands of vehicles flash by (drive past) him.

(8) Kate tore (ran) back to her house.

(9) The fireman sprang (jumped) through the window into the room.

　4、适当使用“形象”描绘词语

适度利用具有“形象”意义的表达形式有助于读者在脑海中产生丰富的联想, 易于把抽象的文字符号转化成具体的形象画面, 颇具感染力。比较下面句子的不同用词可见一斑。

(1) The laid-off couple were in two minds over( hesitating about) sending their children to school.

(2) He has too many problems on his mind ( to worry about) .

(3) A lot of students began to throw up ( vomit) due to the food poisoning.

(4) No one can put the clock back to an earlier age ( stop the advance of society) .

(5) He struggled with ( tried to remove) the big rock lying in the middle of the road.

(6) The policeman gave them the thumps-up ( praised them) .

(7) The car crashed into (hit) a tree.

(8) He froze (was so frightened that he stood there motionless) when he faced the audience.

　5、不断积累常用表达方式

平时注意学习并积累一些常用的衔接过渡词、句子副词、表达观点以及说明图表的模式。在写作时有机适度地穿插这些词语, 能起到“润滑”或承上启下的作用, 可使文章流畅贯通, 顺口自然。

( 1) 常用的衔接过渡词(Transitional Words) 有:

A. 时间过渡词(Transitional words of time)

(a) 表示过去时间over (during) the last (past) ten years, early in the present century, in the early part of the present century, earlylast year, in the early part of last year, as early as this morning, late in the afternoon, in the late afternoon, late inautumn, in the late part of autumn, late in the seventies, in the late seventies, late in the 1990’s, in the late 1990s,late in the 20th century, in the late 20th century, as late as midnight, at that time, a week later, right after that, notlong after that, before long, afterwards, after a while, in the hours that followed, the next moment, the following day,since then, from then on, from that time forward, from one’s childhood up, from youth, from when sb. did sth., up tothe last minute, up to sb’twentieth birthday, up till (until) last summer, up till (until) sb. did sth., until recently,early (earlier) on, at first, for the first time, of late, lately, recently, up to now, up to the present, so far, by now, etc.

(b) 表示现在时间

now, nowadays, at present, at the present time, at the present day, in this century, for the present, for the time being, etc.

(c) 表示将来时间

from now on, from now onwards,from this day onwards, a week (from) today, a week from now, later this week,early next year, later on, early or late, sooner or later, etc.

(d) 可变性时间( 可有多种时间意义, 如: today week 一周前或后的今天)

this day week, later in the week, later, just now, at the moment, as soon as, promptly, instantly, immediately, at once, at no time, in a moment, in a minute, on the instant, right now, right away, straight away, late into the night,meanwhile, at the same time, in the meantime, etc

B. 顺序或列举过渡词(Transitional words of order or listing)

the former... the latter..., one is ...the other is ..., at the beginning of the month, at the very start, from the beginning,first of all, in the first place, ... in the second (next) place, ..., to begin (start) with, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), next, then, eventually, finally, at long last, in the end, at length, in conclusion, to conclude, last of all, in thelast place, as for, as to, with regard (respect) to, in regard (respect) to (of), in the case of, for that matter, for (in) thematter ofthat, in terms of, on the part of, when it comes to, etc.

C. 因果过渡词(Transitional words of causality)

thus, therefore, hence,accordingly, consequently, so, because of the fact that, by reason that, that is (the reason)why, so ... that, due to, owing to, thanks to, on account of, by reason of, because (of), for this reason, for thesame reason, for this purpose, on that account, as a result (of this), in this (that) case, result in, result from, in viewof, etc.

D. 意义转折过渡词(Transitional words of shifting in bearing)

yet, but, still, though, however, while, whereas, nevertheless, anyhow, anyway, at any rate, in any case, no matterhow (what, why, when, where, who, whether), otherwise, or, for all that, even so, for all, in spite of, (in) despite(of), even though, even if, opposite to, on the contrary, instead, except for, on the one hand, ... on the other hand, ....,it is true that... but ..., it is not that ...but that ..., etc.

E. 举例过渡词(Transitional words of example citing)

like, such as, and so on, etc., for example (instance), take ...for example (as an example), cite an example inpoint, a (another) case in point is, an (another) example of this case is, for one thing, ... for another, ... still another,..., as a proof (an illustration), as follows, as a well-known saying goes, as a proverb says, as is often the case, etc.

F. 递进或补充过渡词(Transitional words of forwarding or supplement)

not only ... but also ..., as well as, besides, additionally, in addition (to that), apart (aside) from that, and also,moreover, furthermore, and what’s more, worse still, what’s worse, to make it worse, above all, specifically, especially,particularly, in particular, to tell the truth, true to tell, in other respects, etc.

G. 解释过渡词(Transitional words of explanation)

actually, infact, as a matter of fact, in effect, in reality, in practice, namely, i.e., that is (to say), in otherwords, let me put it another way, to put it simply, to make it simpler, it refers to, it means that, to the effect that, afterall, in a broad sense, in a narrow sense, etc.

H. 比较或对照过渡词(Transitional words of comparison or contrast)

by comparison, by contrast, similarly, likewise, similar to, the same as, the same is true of all other cases, it isalso true about, or this case for that matter, in the same way, unlike, rather (other) than, different from, differ (differentiate)from, distinguish (tell) ... from ..., distinguish between ... and ..., superior to, inferior to, no better than, nomore than, no less than, etc.

I. 条件或假设过渡词(Transitional words of condition or supposition)

if, in case, in case of, unless, on this condition, on (upon) condition that, make it a condition that, so (as) longas, provided (providing) that, on the assumption that, in (under) present (the prevailing) circumstances, in (under)certain (any) circumstances, etc.

J. 总结过渡词(Transitional words of summary)

briefly, in brief, inshort, in sum, in general, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to summarize, to sum up(the above-mentionedarguments), all in all, to make a long story short, the long and the short of it, etc.

( 2) 常用的句子副词( Sentence Adverbs) 有:

frankly (honestly, seriously, generally, roughly, normally, personally, politically, economically, financially,militarily, scientifically and technologically, morally, psychologically) speaking, interestingly (surprisingly, oddly,strangely, curiously, funnily, luckily, fortunately) enough, evidently, apparently, obviously, noticeably, unluckily,unfortunately, naturally, ironically, sarcastically, hopefully, miraculously, possibly, most likely, indeed, surely, truly,undoubtedly, etc..

( 3) 常见表达观点的模式(Expressions of views) 有:

A. 表达自己的观点( Personal ideas)

I believe (think, hold, guess) that, I dare say, I am sure, It can be said with certainty that, In my opinion(view), To my mind, To me, From my standpoint (viewpoint, point of view), Personally speaking, For my part, As faras I’m concerned, I’m convinced that, The main reason is that, It stands to reason that, A proper attitude towards ...should be that, It can be easily proved that, It cannot be denied that, It must be admitted that, It’s important(necessary, essential, imperative, indispensable) for us to do ..., I am (stand) firmly opposed to, I of course objectto, I think otherwise, I don’t think so, I disagree, I have every reason to say that, It certainly won’t be right tosay that, etc.

B. 表达别人的观点(Others’ideas)

In the view of other people, Some people tend(incline) to believe that, They point out (argue, claim, insist,assert, declare) that, Other people still hold the view that, etc.

C.表达普遍或共同观点(Universal or the same view )

The most widely-held view is, It is generally (universally) thought (believed, considered, acknowledged, recognized,agreed) that, The great (vast) majority of the people share the same idea, We are of the same mind, I’m oftheir mind, I can’t agree more, I absolutely (entirely, totally, utterly) agree with them, etc.

( 4) 常见说明图表的模式(Commonly-used expressions of graph exposition) :

From the graph (diagram, chart, illustration, table), we ( I ) know the statistics of, We ( I ) know (learn, find,see) from the graph that, The graph shows (indicates, denotes, manifests, reveals, means, predicts) that, The graphtells us ( me ) that, It can easily be seen in the graph that, As is shown in the graph, The possible future developmentscan be easily estimated from the graph that, etc.1

相信很多人对于英语六级作文都不知道该如何下手，不知道如何写，也许知道要如何备考六级作文，这些在上面的文章中都有介绍，大家可以详细的了解一下，希望能够对提高写作水平有所帮助，最后，沪江的小编预祝大家都能够顺利的通过六级考试。