英语四级是大学生毕业必须要过的科目，其中阅读理解部分分值比例为35%，可谓是重中之重。其中仔细阅读部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速阅读部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔细阅读部分分为：a）选择题型的篇章阅读理解；b）篇章层次的词汇理解（Banked Cloze）或短句问答（Short Answer Questions）。快速阅读理解部分测试的是浏览阅读和查读能力。小编整理了2015年6月份的四级阅读真题（卷1），希望能有所帮助。

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is(36) the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

"All children are(37 )to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is (38 )important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full (39) ," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep( 40 )of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will (41 )their own creative solutions, but we must work together to (42) our focus on how to better recruit, support and(43) effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."

Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a (44 )of President Obama's year of action.Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the (45 )of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.

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Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.

The Changes Facing Fast Food

A)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise themseverelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whoselogosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.Thesearethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.Theburgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adaptingstrategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.

B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked upcustomers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted inAmerica, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheapcombination meals.

C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their moreexpensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America atMcDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout thedownturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performedwell, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.

D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, haveseen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many otherseat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, sayssmaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hitparticularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giantMcDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cutback.

E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customersbetter value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had temptedcustomers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But inmany cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to berepuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour ofBurger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheapchoices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.

F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn ismakingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items toentice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also ownsTaco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in MayBurger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.

G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, includingdrinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" linenowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle'sBestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.

H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keepcustomer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not justfor fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has thepotential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because themargins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such asblended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "wecan sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officerof Yum ! Brands.

I)But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoidedgovernmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets togroups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannotbe forced to ordersalads instead of fries.

J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," saysMr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requiresrestaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on themenu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects onStarbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the averagecalorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where aDunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chainsthat have more healthy offerings.

K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies willhave tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in itsmenumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell morevegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," hesays.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys inits high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthyfood, suggests there isa lot more left to do.

46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its foodspecials for children.

47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the nearfuture.

48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.

49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping totackle the obesity problem.

50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.

51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.

52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items oftenproved ineffective.

53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.

54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priceditems.

55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what theyserve on the menu.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), D ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them.Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?

A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B.It will protect them from sunburn.

C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D.It will work for people of any skin color.

57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?

A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?

A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?

A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?

A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.

The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?

A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.

B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.

C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.

D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.

62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?

A.Longer life expectancies.

B.A rapid technological advance.

C.Profound changes in the workforce.

D.A growing number of the well-educated.

63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?

A.Economic growth will slow down.

B.Government budgets will increase.

C.More people will try to pursue higher education.

D.There will be more competition in the job market.

64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?

A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.

B.More people have to receive in-service training.

C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.

D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.

65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?

A.Computers will do more complicated work.

B.More will be taken by the educated young.

C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.

D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

答案及解析

36.A)announcing。动词辨析题。句首出现时间状语today，空格位于系动词is和名词短语thelaunchof…之间，因此空格处需要填人动词的现在分词形式，构成现在进行时。前一句提到，美国教育部正在努力确保所有学生享有接受高质量教育的平等权利。因此，空格处需要填人一个能够与名词launch构成动宾搭配的动词，表示“宣布开始实施一项方案或活动”。由此确定announcing为本题答案，意思是“宣布”。备选词中，distributing意思是“分发，散布”，与此处文意不符，且无法与launch构成动宾搭配，故排除。

37.K)entitled。动词辨析题。空格前面是系动词are，后面是介词to及其宾语，因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语或者动词的被动语态，并与介词to搭配。上文提到，美国教育部今天宣布开始实施为所有学生提供优秀教育工作者的活动方案，本句解释了实施此方案的原因，即所有孩子都应有权利接受高质量的教育。因此，空格处需要填人一个表示“有权利”或“有资格”的形容词，且能够与介词to搭配，备选形容词中只有entitled同时符合这两项要求，由此确定其为本题答案。be entitled to意思是“有……资格”。备选词中，beneficial意思是“有利的，有益的”，与此处文意不符，排除;qualified意思是“有资格的”，但不能与介词to

搭配使用，因此也可以排除。

38.G)critically。副词辨析题。空格前面是系动词is，后面是形容词important，因此空格处需要填入一个副词，用来修饰形容词important。上句提到，所有的孩子，不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应有权利接受高质量的教育，本句承接上句，表明为教师和校长们提供帮助学生发挥全部潜力所需支持的重要性。因此，空格处需要填入一个表示“非常，相当，很”的副词，与important表达“至关重要”的意义，由此确定副词critically为本题答案，意思是“很大程度上，极为重要地”。备选词中，properly意思是“合理地，正确地”，与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。

39.L)potential。名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词性物主代词their及形容词hill，因此空格处需要填人一个名词。本句提到要为教师和校长们提供支持，而这些支持是为了帮助学生发挥其全部潜力。因此，空格处需要填入一个能与动词reach相搭配的名词，且表达“潜力，能力”的意义，由此确定名词potential为本题答案，意思是“潜力”。备选词中，challenges意思是“挑战”，commitment意思是“投入，承诺”，component意思是“组成部分，部件”，contests意思是“比赛”，均与此处文意不符，且不能与动词reach搭配，可以排除。

40.D)commitment。名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词deep，后面为介词of，因此空格处需要填人名词。根据连词and可以判断，该名词与and前面的excellentwork在意义上应该是并列的，且根据上下文，此处要表达的意义是教师和校长们工作出色且努力。因此，空格处的名词表达的是“努力”或“投入”的意思，且为不可数的抽象名词，备选词中只有commitment一词符合要求，由此确定其为本题答案。备选词中的challenges和contests均为可数名词复数形式，可以排除;component意思是“组成部分，部件”，与此处文意不符，且不能用deep进行修饰，可以排除;potential已经用过，直接排除。

41.H)develop。动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词will，后面为名词短语their own creativeSolutions，因此空格处需要填入动词原形，与will构成一般将来时态，并与名词Solutions构成动宾短语。Solutions意思是“解决方案”，因此填入的动词应该表达“想出，找到”或“研究出，制定出”的意义。由此可以确定，动词develop为本题答案，意思是“形成”。备选词中，enhance意思是“增强，提高”，retain意思是“留用”，均不能与Solutions搭配，且与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。

42.J)enhance。动词辨析题。空格前面是动词短语work together及动词不定式符号to，后面是名词短语our focus，因此空格处需要填入动词原形，且与Our focus构成动宾搭配。根据上下文，教育部长认为我们必须共同努力增强对于某些问题的关注。因此，空格处填人的动词应该表达“增强，增加”的意义，由此可以确定，动词enhance为本题答案，意思是“增强，提高”。备选词中，develop已经用过，直接排除;retain意思是“留用”，与此处文意不符，也可以排除。

43.O)retain。动词辨析题。根据and前面的两个动词recruit和support及其形式可以判断，空格处需要填入的是动词原形，且与recruit和support构成并列关系，recruit意思是“招募”，support意思是“支持，配备”，宾语都是空格后的effective teachers and principals，由此可以确定，动词retain为本题答案。

44.E)component。名词辨析题。空格前面是不定冠词a，后面是介词of，因此空格处需要填入可数名词的单数形式。前面讲到，今天的公告是改善获得高质量教育权利的又一重要步骤，而介词of后面又提到了奥巴马总统行动年，因此可以判断今天的公告内容是奥巴马总统行动年的行动内容之一，空格处应填入表示“内容，组成部分”的名词。由此可以确定名词component为本题答案，意思是“组成部分”。备选词中，commitment和potential已经用过，直接排除;challenges和contests均为可数名词的复数形式，也可以排除。

45.C)challenges。名词辨析题。空格前面是定冠词the，后面是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词形式。本句介绍的是邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校教师展开的圆桌会议内容，根据上下文，在高需求的学校工作必将面临更多的挑战或困难。因此，空格处填入的名词可能表达“困难，问题”或“挑战”的意义，由此可以判断，名词challenges为本题答案，意思是“挑战”。备选词中，commitment，potential和component均用过，直接排除;contests意思是“比赛”，与此处文意不符，也可以排除。

46.K)由题干中的propose laws和toys定位到文章K)段画线处。

47.A)由题干中的cope with，pressures和food regulation定位到文章A)段画线处。

48.G)由题干中的Burger rang和Seattle’sBest coffee定位到文章G)段画线处。

49.I)由题干中的healthy food，give the impression和obesity定位到文章I)段画线处。

50.B)由题干中的recession，customers和fast food定位到文章B)段画线处。

51.D)由题于中的eat out，save money和recession定位到文章D)段西线处。

52.E)由题干中的Burger King，strategy和low-priced items定位到文章E)段画线处。

53.H)由题干中的selling breakfast定位到文章H)段画线处。

54.F)由题干中的introducing higher-priced items定位到文章F)段画线处。

55.J)由题干中的a newlypassed law，specify the calorie count和menu定位到文章J)段画线处。

56.B)推理判断题。文章开篇即指出，如果你认为高指数的防晒霜能够使你免遭有害射线的辐射，那你可能就错了。由此可见，对于防晒霜能够保护皮肤不受伤害的这种误解是非常普遍的，因此，人们对于高指数防晒霜的普遍预期是它将保护人们不被太阳晒伤.故答案为B)。

57.A)事实细节题。文章首段第二句提到，本周《自然》杂志的一项研究表明，尽管防晒指数为50的防晒霜能够减少黑瘤的数量，并延缓其出现，但却并不能阻止其发生。由此可见，此项研究表明高指数的防晒霜并不能有效阻止黑瘤的发生，故答案为 A)。

58.D)推理判断题。文章第二段首句指出，对于防晒霜减少黑瘤的有效性一直存在争议，第二句则举例说明，提到2011年澳大利亚一项涉及1，621人的研究发现，随机抽取的每天使用防晒霜的人群患黑瘤的几率是需要时才使用面霜的人群的一半。由此可知，根据此项研究，每天使用防晒霜的确能够降低患黑瘤的几率，即坚持使用防晒霜是有一定效果的，故答案为D)。

59.C)推理判断题。该段第三、四句承接上文，介绍了澳大利亚的第二项相关研究，第五句则是作者对研究过程与结果的主观评论，指出，由于此研究基于人们对他们一生中每个十年所采取防晒措施的回忆，因此并不完全可靠。由此可见，此研究并不是基于对被研究对象的直接观察，故答案为C)。

60.A)推理判断题。文章第四段第一句提到，正如澳大利亚人“套上一涂上一扣上”运动的数据所显示的，综合使用防晒霜和皮肤遮盖措施能够降低黑瘤发病率，第二句据此提出作者自己的观点和建议：如果今年夏天有热浪，我们也最好套上T恤，抹上防晒霜，并且扣上帽子。也就是说，作者建议我们同时使用防晒霜和衣服、帽子等其他防护措施，故答案为A)。

61.B)事实细节题。文章开篇即指出，在发达国家，与技术水平较低的人相比，受教育程度较高的人工作年限越来越长。由此可见，目前在发达国家的劳动力大军中，学历较高的人工作时间更长，故答案为B)。

62.B)事实细节题。文章首段第三句承接上文指出，这一差距正是不断加剧的高学历高收入富人与无技术低收入穷人之间两极分化的部分表现。第四句进一步分析了原因，即迅速发展的技术使高技术人群的收入增加，同时也压缩了那些无技术人群的收入。由此可见，迅速发展的技术就是加剧贫富差距的主要原因，故答案为B)。

63.A)事实细节题。文章第二段第三句指出，20世纪，更加长寿造成了退休生活的年份更长而不是工作的年份更长，这一经历使得观察家们相信，这一变化将导致经济增长减缓，同时，退休金申领人数的激增将产生政府预算问题。由此可知，根据20世纪的经历，观察家们预测到的问题之一是经济增长将减缓，故答案为A)。

64.C)事实细节题。文章第四段第二句和第三句提到，许多欧洲国家政府已经摒弃了曾鼓励人们尽早退休的政策。预期寿命的延长以及慷慨的固定养老金计划被不再慷慨的固定缴费养老金计划所替代，这些都意味着甚至有钱人也必须延长工作年限以获得舒适的退休生活。由此可知，政策的变化带来的后果是甚至有钱人也不得不为了在退休后过上舒适的生活而延长工作年限，故答案为C)。

65.D)推理判断题。文章第四段第四句提到，工作性质的变化也起到了很大作用，第五句进而对工

作性质的变化进行了分析，指出对那些高学历人士而言，工作报酬在大幅增加，这些人将继续获得较高的收入，直到老年，因为当今的老龄高学历人群比上一代人工作更有成效，第六句对上文进行了总结，得出结论，技术革新可能将进一步增强这一转变：作为计算机的补充的技能，从经营管理技巧到创新能力，都不会随着年龄的增长而衰退。由此可见，21世纪的工作特点是，比起年龄问题，经营管理技巧、创新能力等技能将更加被看重，故答案为D)。

四级考试的通过不仅决定着顺利毕业，更是对你的英文能力的一种认可，也是求职工作或者继续求学的能力证明。所以，顺利通过考试是非常重要的。正确备考才能更加有效地应对考试，希望以上真题能对您的备考有所帮助。预祝考试顺利！